Installing Linux, nginx, MySQL, PHP (LEMP) stack
LEMP stack is a group of open source software to get web servers up and running. The acronym stands for Linux, nginx (pronounced Engine x), MySQL, and PHP. Since the server is already running CentOS, the linux part is taken care of. Here is how to install the rest.
Step One—Install the Required Repositories
We will be installing all of the required software with Yum. However, because neither nginx nor php-fpm are available straight from CentOS, we need to download two extra repositories to our virtual private server first.
sudo rpm -Uvh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm sudo rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm
Step Two—Install MySQL
The next step is to begin installing the server software on the virtual private server, starting with MySQL and dependancies.
sudo yum install mysql mysql-serverOnce the download is complete, restart MySQL:
sudo /etc/init.d/mysqld restartYou can do some configuration of MySQL with this command:
sudo /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
The prompt will ask you for your current root password. Since you just installed MySQL, you most likely won’t have one, so leave it blank by pressing enter.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Then the prompt will ask you if you want to set a root password. Go ahead and choose Y and follow the instructions. CentOS automates the process of setting up MySQL, asking you a series of yes or no questions. It’s easiest just to say Yes to all the options. At the end, MySQL will reload and implement the changes.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y ... Success! By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MySQL!
Step Three—Install nginx
As with MySQL, we will install nginx on our virtual private server using yum:
sudo yum install nginxnginx does not start on its own. To get nginx running, type:
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx startYou can confirm that nginx has installed on your virtual private server by directing your browser to your IP address. You can run the following command to reveal your server’s IP address.
ifconfig eth0 | grep inet | awk '{ print $2 }'
Step Four—Install PHP
The php-fpm package is located within the REMI repository, which, at this point, is disabled. The first thing we need to do is enable the REMI repository and install php and php-fpm:
sudo yum --enablerepo=remi install php-fpm php-mysql
Step Five—Configure php
We need to make one small change in the php configuration. Open up php.ini:
sudo vi /etc/php.ini
Find the line, cgi.fix_pathinfo=1, and change the 1 to 0.
cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
If this number is kept as a 1, the php interpreter will do its best to process the file that is as near to the requested file as possible. This is a possible security risk. If this number is set to 0, conversely, the interpreter will only process the exact file path—a much safer alternative. Save and Exit.
Step Six—Configure nginx
Open up the default nginx config file:
sudo vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
Raise the number of worker processes to 4 then save and exit that file.
Now we should configure the nginx virtual hosts. In order to make the default nginx file more concise, the virtual host details are in a different location.
sudo vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
The configuration should include the changes below (the details of the changes are under the config information):
# # The default server # server { listen 80; server_name example.com; location / { root /usr/share/nginx/html; index index.php index.html index.htm; } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /404.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # location ~ \.php$ { root /usr/share/nginx/html; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } }
Here are the details of the changes:
- Add index.php within the index line.
- Change the server_name to your domain name or IP address (replace the example.com in the configuration)
- Change the root to /usr/share/nginx/html;
- Uncomment the section beginning with “location ~ \.php$ {“,
- Change the root to access the actual document root, /usr/share/nginx/html;
- Change the fastcgi_param line to help the PHP interpreter find the PHP script that we stored in the document root home.
Save and Exit
Open up the php-fpm configuration:
sudo vi /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
Replace the apache in the user and group with nginx:
[...] ; Unix user/group of processes ; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group ; will be used. ; RPM: apache Choosed to be able to access some dir as httpd user = nginx ; RPM: Keep a group allowed to write in log dir. group = nginx [...]Finish by restarting php-fpm.
sudo service php-fpm restart
Step Seven—RESULTS: Create a php info page
Although LEMP is installed, we can still take a look and see the components online by creating a quick php info page To set this up, first create a new file:
sudo vi /usr/share/nginx/html/info.php
Add in the following line:
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
Then Save and Exit. Restart nginx so that all of the changes take effect:
sudo service nginx restart Finish up by visiting your php info page (make sure you replace the example ip address with your correct one): http://IP/info.php
Step Eight—Set Up Autostart
You are almost done. The last step is to set all of the newly installed programs to automatically begin when the VPS boots.
sudo chkconfig --levels 235 mysqld on sudo chkconfig --levels 235 nginx on sudo chkconfig --levels 235 php-fpm on
About WordPress
WordPress is a free and open source website and blogging tool that uses php and MySQL. It was created in 2003 and has since then expanded to manage 22% of all the new websites created and has over 20,000 plugins to customize its functionality.
Step Nine—Download WordPress
We can download WordPress straight from their website:
wget http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
This command will download the zipped wordpress package straight to your user's home directory. You can unzip it the the next line:
tar -xzvf latest.tar.gz
Step Ten—Create the WordPress Database and User
After we unzip the wordpress files, they will be in a directory called wordpress in the home directory.
Now we need to switch gears for a moment and create a new MySQL directory for wordpress.
Go ahead and log into the MySQL Shell:
mysql -u root -p
Login using your MySQL root password, and then we need to create a wordpress database, a user in that database, and give that user a new password. Keep in mind that all MySQL commands must end with semi-colon.
First, let’s make the database (I’m calling mine wordpress for simplicity’s sake; feel free to give it whatever name you choose):
CREATE DATABASE wordpress; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Then we need to create the new user. You can replace the database, name, and password, with whatever you prefer:
CREATE USER wordpressuser@localhost; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Set the password for your new user:
SET PASSWORD FOR wordpressuser@localhost= PASSWORD("password"); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Finish up by granting all privileges to the new user. Without this command, the wordpress installer will not be able to start up:
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress.* TO wordpressuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Then refresh MySQL:
FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Exit out of the MySQL shell:
exit
Step Eleven—Setup the WordPress Configuration
The first step to is to copy the sample WordPress configuration file, located in the WordPress directory, into a new file which we will edit, creating a new usable WordPress config:
cp ~/wordpress/wp-config-sample.php ~/wordpress/wp-config.php
Then open the wordpress config:
sudo nano ~/wordpress/wp-config.php
Find the section that contains the field below and substitute in the correct name for your database, username, and password:
// ** MySQL settings - You can get this info from your web host ** // /** The name of the database for WordPress */ define('DB_NAME', 'wordpress'); /** MySQL database username */ define('DB_USER', 'wordpressuser'); /** MySQL database password */ define('DB_PASSWORD', 'password');
Save and Exit.
Step Four—Copy the Files
We are almost done uploading WordPress to the server. We need to create the directory where we will keep the wordpress files:
sudo mkdir -p /usr/share/nginx/html/wordpress
The final move that remains is to transfer the unzipped WordPress files to the website's root directory.
sudo cp -r ~/wordpress/* /usr/share/nginx/html/wordpress
Step Twelve—RESULTS: Access the WordPress Installation
Once that is all done, the wordpress online installation page is up and waiting for you:
http://IP/wordpress
So finally its done ! Once it is installed you can access .
If anyone is facing any issues you can comment below , we’ll help you to sort that out .